Dimensionality Reduction in Deep Learning for Chest X-Ray Analysis of Lung Cancer

Efficiency of some dimensionality reduction techniques, like lung segmentation, bone shadow exclusion, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) for exclusion of outliers, is estimated for analysis of chest X-ray (CXR) 2D images by deep learning approach to help radiologists identify marks of lung cancer in CXR. Training and validation of the simple convolutional neural network (CNN) was performed on the open JSRT dataset (dataset #01), the JSRT after bone shadow exclusion - BSE-JSRT (dataset #02), JSRT after lung segmentation (dataset #03), BSE-JSRT after lung segmentation (dataset #04), and segmented BSE-JSRT after exclusion of outliers by t-SNE method (dataset #05). The results demonstrate that the pre-processed dataset obtained after lung segmentation, bone shadow exclusion, and filtering out the outliers by t-SNE (dataset #05) demonstrates the highest training rate and best accuracy in comparison to the other pre-processed datasets.Comment: 6 pages, 14 figure

Estimation and Mode Selection of Deuterium Flux Supply into Ampoule Device Through Diffusion Filter in Experiments with Pb15.7Li Eutectic at the IVG1.M Reactor

One of the most promising materials to produce tritium in fuel cycle of fusion facilities is the lead-lithium eutectic Pb15.7Li. Tritium will be generated in nuclear reactions in a lithium-containing material under the influence of neutron irradiation. However, nowadays a limited number of studies have been conducted with the eutectic of such a composition (with a lithium content of 15.7%) and consequently, there is a lack of data on mechanisms of tritium generation and release from Pb15.7Li. In this regard, there is an urgent necessity for research of tritium generation and release from Pb15.7 Li directly under neutron irradiation conditions. For these studies a differential method will be used, which consists in follows: a controlled flux of spectrally pure deuterium will be continuously fed into the experimental cell with the eutectic sample during the reactor experiment. The regulated flux of deuterium will be fed to the experimental cell with the Pb15.7Li sample using diffusion palladium-silver filter. The article describes the process of determination of deuterium flux supply modes into the experimental cell. The temperature dependences of deuterium penetration through diffusion palladium-silver filter are presented. The coefficients of diffusion, solubility and permeability of deuterium through a palladium-silver filter are estimated and the activation energies of these processes as well as the Arrhenius dependence are presented

Ultra intense laser/plasma interaction at normal incidence: Relativistic mirrors effects, high harmonics generation and absorption.

An analytical study of the relativistic interaction of a linearly-polarized laser-field of w frequency with highly overdense plasma is presented. Very intense high harmonics are generated produced by relativistic mirrors effects due to the relativistic electron plasma oscillation. Also, in agreement with 1D Particle-In-Cell Simulations (PICS), the model self-consistently explains the transition between the sheath inverse bremsstrahlung (SIB) absorption regime and the J×B heating (responsible for the 2w electron bunches), as well as the mean electron energy

Sorption characteristics of economically viable silicate sorbents for sequestration of lead ions from aqueous solutions

The adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by sorbents based on calcium silicates, obtained in multicomponent systems CaCl2-Na2SiO3-H2O (sorbent I) and CaSO4·2H2O-SiO2·nH2O-KOH-H2O (sorbent II), was studied. Surface area of the two sorbents was found to be 100 and 40 m2/g respectively. The sorption capacities of the adsorbent materials were found to be 3.6 l/mmol and 8.4 l/mmol respectively. Characterization of the sorbent materials was carried out. The equilibrium data was fitted in Langmuir's isotherm and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent materials was determined. The distribution coefficients at Pb2+ ions for the sorbents were determined at different ratios of solid and liquid phases

Эффективность применения селективного ингибитора фосфодиэстеразы 4 в комплексной терапии больных с перекрестным синдромом бронхиальная астма / хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (overlap синдром)

The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of roflumilast on the level of control, systemic inflammation markers, general and mucosal humoral anti-endotoxin immunity in patients with asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Methods. Forty patients with ACOS were involved. All the patients were treated with a standard therapy. Of them, 20 patients received roflumilast additionally during 1 month. Clinical parameters were analyzed using ACQ Elizabeth Juniper questionnaire, mMRC scale and spirometry. Anti-endotoxin antibodies A, M, G classes and C-reactive protein were measured by ELISA. Results. Additional administration of roflumilast significantly improved control of the disease, reduced systemic inflammation and improved mucosal anti-endotoxin immunity in patients ACOS with neutrophil inflammation. Six-month follow-up showed that the effect prolonged in 15.8% of the patients. Conclusion. Efficacy and duration of effects of roflumilast in ACOS patients requires further research.Цель исследования – изучение влияния дополнительного применения селективного ингибитора ФДЭ-4 в комбинированной терапии у больных с перекрестным синдромом бронхиальная астма – хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (СПБАХ) на клинические параметры, маркеры системного воспаления, состояние местного и общего гуморального антиэдотоксинового иммунитета. Были обследованы 40 больных, у которых присутствовали характерные признаки БА и ХОБЛ. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: 1-я группа (n = 20) получала комбинированную терапию; 2-я группа (n = 20) дополнительно к комбинированной терапии получала рофлумиласт в течение 1 мес. Анализ клинических параметров осуществлялся с помощью опросника ACQ Elizabeth Juniper, шкалы одышки mMRC, проводилось спирометрическое исследование. Уровни антиэндотоксиновых антител классов А, М, G, С-реактивный белок определялись методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Установлено, что дополнительное назначение рофлумиласта привело к достоверному улучшению уровня контроля, снижению системного воспаления, улучшению состояния мукозального антиэндотоксинового иммунитета у больных СПБАХ с преимущественно нейтрофильным компонентом воспаления. При этом динамическое наблюдение (в течение 6 мес.) показало сохранение эффекта у 15,8 % больных 2-й группы, что требует дальнейших научных исследований относительно длительности и эффективности применения рофлумиласта у данной категории больных

Macro- and microelements determination in children with rotavirus infection

The purpose of this study was to determine serum zinc, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium, calcium, and sodium levels in acute rotavirus infection and convalescence period in children. Materials and methods. We examined 86 patients aged from 4 months to 5 years with clinical and laboratory signs of rotavirus infection. The I group – 43 children with RVI in acute period. The II group – 43 children with RVI in convalescence period. The control group included 14 healthy children at the same age. The content of macro- and microelements (zinc, iron, magnesium, copper, potassium, calcium and sodium) in blood serum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Feces samples were used for Cito Test Rota (Pharmasco). Cito test was used for rotavirus antigen detection in feces. Statistical analysis was performed by Excel. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between study groups. Results. The acute period of the disease in children with rotavirus infection was characterized by a significant increase of copper in blood serum compared with the control group. At the same time, a significant decrease of iron, magnesium, zinc, potassium, calcium, sodium were determined in patients with rotavirus infection, compared with apparently healthy children. After standard treatment only the indicators of magnesium, potassium and sodium reached the same indices of control group children. Conclusions. The detected changes in the mineral status of patients with rotavirus infection suggest the need for treatment correction. Correction of micro- and macroelements imbalances in patients with rotavirus infection possibly should be aimed at the metallo-drugs inclusion in complex treatment as well as medicines which improve absorption of the latter in the intestine